Avoid hard drugs in this season of valentine

Stop taking hard drugs in this season of valentine, youth are pron to take hard drugs in the season of valentine in order to feel high, don't indulging in hard drugs, stay clear of bad habits with your lover in this season of valentine 

Types of beverage to drink in Christmas season

There are different kinds of beverages to drink in this yuletide, but you have to be careful not to take the bad one because of health reasons the following are good for to take during the Christmas:One, tomatoes juice drink.Two, apple juice drink. Three, watermelon juice drink.Four, orange juice drink and lemon juice drink. Avoid soda drink, avoid intoxicated drink that can blure your thinking for example heavy hot drinks like white horse, gin and whiskey can cause you to be toxic. The best safe is to keep away from alcoholic drinks that can impair your thinking, Happy Noel and prosperous new year . 

15 Calcium Sources That Don't Require a Cow By Shereen Lehman, MS Nutrition Expert

Calcium is essential for healthy bones, but it does so much more. Calcium is required for normal muscle and nerve function and your blood to clot properly. A calcium deficiency is bad news because it can lead to osteoporosis or osteopenia. 

The Institute of Medicine recommends that adults get from 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams of calcium every day based on age. 

Milk and other dairy products are well known for their calcium content -- that's why they make up one whole food group -- the United States Department of Agriculture says adults should get three cups of dairy products in their diet every day.But not everyone can consume dairy products or just choose not to eat or drink dairy products. Does avoiding dairy put you at risk for not getting enough calcium? Maybe, but not if you indulge in non-dairy foods that are naturally high in calcium or fortified with this vital nutrient. Flip through the slideshow to see 15 of  my favorite calcium-rich, cow-free foods.

Sources:

Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. "Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements." Accessed March 2, 2015.

#How does heroin effect the brain ? By Aol.Com

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, close to half of young people surveyed in three recent studies who have injected heroin said they had abused prescription painkillers before they started using heroin.

How does heroin effect the brain?

When someone injects, snorts, or smokes heroin, the brain converts it into morphine. Morphine binds to molecules on cells located throughout the brain and body called opioid receptors, which affect how we perceive pain and rewards.

This explains the surging sense of euphoria that many people feel when they inject the drug straight into the bloodstream. After the initial "rush," the skin gets flushed and warm, the arms and legs start to feel heavy, and thinking slows.

Because we also have opioid receptors in our brain stem — the body's main control center that is in charge of automatic processes such as blood pressure and breathing — overdosing on heroin can slow and even stop breathing, leading to brain damage or coma.

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An Overview of Salmonella Disease It's not just in eggs anymore By Ingrid Koo, Ph.D. Infectious Diseases Expert

1. Typhoid Fever: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. Also spread through ingestion of contaminated food or drink, this species is much less common, especially in industrialized countries, but is associated with more severe systemic illness. Although diarrhea can be a symptom of typhoid fever, it is absent in many cases. Transmission is often due to exposure to chronic carriers, including the infamous "Typhoid Mary".

What foods have been associated with Salmonella gastroenteritis outbreaks?

Salmonella outbreaks have occurred frequently with animal products, such as unpasteurized milk, dairy, eggs, poultry, and beef. However, since Salmonella is shed in animal feces, even vegetables and fruits are prone to contamination.

In addition, some household pets, especially reptiles (turtles, lizards, and snakes) and some birds, may carry the bacteria and spread the disease.

What are the symptoms of Salmonella foodborne (non-typhoid) infection?

Symptoms appear within approximately 8 to 72 hours after ingesting the contaminated food and may last 2 to 7 day

They include:

• Diarrhea (usually non-bloody)
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Fever

How can I avoid getting Salmonella gastroenteritis?

• Avoid raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, or meat.
• Drink only pasteurized milk and dairy products.
• Thoroughly wash all fruits and vegetables, including those with inedible rinds or skins.
• Practice good food preparation and dining habits.
• Wash hands after handling animals and their feces.

I think I have Salmonella food poisoning. What should I do?

In most cases, Salmonella foodborne infections are self-limited and resolve within one week without the need for antibiotics. However, if you suspect you a Salmonella infection, contact your healthcare provider. Some individuals, particularly the young, the old, and the immunocompromised (having weakened immune systems), are more prone to severe disease. If you are part of the at-risk population, your doctor will likely ask for a stool sample to test for the presence of Salmonella and any other microbes that cause similar symptoms.

What treatments are available?

Infected individuals should drink lots of fluids to prevent dehydration. For patients at higher risk of severe infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

Is there a vaccine?

Currently no vaccine is available for Salmonella enteritidis, the species responsible for most food-borne illnesses. There is, however, a vaccine for Salmonella typhi, the cause oftyphoid fever, a more severe but less common disease in the United States. Individuals traveling to developing countries should contact their healthcare provider at least one week prior to travel to inquire about whether or not the vaccine is recommended.

Sources:

Salmonella spp.. USFDA Bad Bug Book. Center for Food Safety and Nutrition.

An Overview of Salmonella Disease It's not just in eggs anymore By Ingrid Koo, Ph.D. Infectious Diseases Expert

What is Salmonella?

Salmonella are infectious bacteria associated with foodborne and gastrointestinal illnesses. The two main diseases caused by these bacteria are:

1. Salmonellosis: Caused bySalmonella enteritidis orSalmonella typhimurium(actually a subtype of S. enteritidis), salmonellosis is a diarrheal disease, known more generically as gastroenteritis. Since it is is associated with animals (rather than through contact with infected people), it is usually a foodborne disease, spread through consumption of contaminated foods, especially eggs and poultry. It has also been reported in several large, nationwide outbreaks. A fair number of cases of transmission have also been attributed to exposure to pets infected with the microbe.

Half of Americans Have Diabetes or Prediabetes By Laura Dolson Low Carb Diets Expert

No one should be surprised at the news, but sometimes a certain number has an impact. It seems that at this point, roughly half of adults in the United States have either diabetes or prediabetes. The number continues to rise in all the different groups studied: race, age, and gender. 12-14% of us have diabetes, and about 38% have prediabetes. Those are enormous numbers.  If true, it means that most of us have glucose metabolisms that are seriously out of whack.

The research, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on September 8, 2015, also showed some good news: a greater percentage of diabetes is now being diagnosed (although about a third of people with the disorder still don't know they have it - almost half in Asian-Americans and Hispanics), and the rate of increase is leveling off.

Still, there are signs that the real numbers actually could be higher. The definition used in the study for diabetes and prediabetes was that one of three tests fell in the range of the disorder: Hemoglobin A1C, fasting plasma glucose, or a 2-hour glucose tolerance test. However, many of the participants only received one or two of these tests, which will miss some cases: for example, there are those with impaired fasting glucose who pass their glucose tolerance test, and vice versa. Also, we always need to keep in mind that people with values near the cutoff for prediabetes, for example a fasting blood glucose of 98 or a HA1C of 5.4%, although "in the normal range", are truly on the diabetes spectrum, with at least some damage in the pancreas.

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It also does not count people with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance who don't fit the criteria for prediabetes or diabetes, even though they are almost certainly part of the same constellation of problems.

Why Lump Prediabetes in With Diabetes?

Prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes are taken together in this study because they are the same disorder. The cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are damaged, and amount of glucose in the blood begins to rise. Prediabetics are at risk for most of the problems affecting diabetics, although at lower percentages. For example, most diabetics end up getting some sort of nerve damage, such as damage in the eye called diabetic retinopathy (this is the cause of blindness in diabetics). However several studies showed that somewhere around 8% - 13% of prediabetics have signs of retinopathy. Prediabetics are also at a greater risk of heart disease (although, again, not as high a risk as diabetics).

What Should We Do?

Diabetes is a disorder of glucose metabolism. One would think that the first order of business would be to lower the amount of glucose we are taking in. Where is glucose? In carbohydrate-rich foods. Starches such as those in grains, potatoes, and other starchy foods are long strings of glucose. Sugars such as table sugar, honey, etc. are usually about half glucose (although the other half is fructose, which has problems of its own). In terms of effects on blood glucose, the worst foods are simple sugars (such as those in candies, sugar-sweetened beverages, and other sweetened foods) and refined carbohydrates  (such as those in most baked goods and packaged breakfast cereals).

We don't tell people with diarrhea due to lactose intolerance that the answer is to take anti-diarrheal medication. We tell them to stop consuming products with lactose. We are now at a point where most adults in the US (and a growing number of children) have some level of glucose intolerance. So why are we telling them to keep eating large amounts of glucose? More than one article about this study (Web MD, I'm looking at you) recommend a low-fat diet to prevent diabetes. A low-fat diet is a high-glucose diet!! Why would it be a good idea to consume more glucose to prevent diabetes? It makes no sense at all.

Obviously there are other things we can do besides diet to prevent diabetes. Chief among these is regular exercise, which improves insulin sensitivity. Also, people should be aware of their blood glucose numbers, particularly if they are at high risk for diabetes (for example, being overweight). If you are prediabetic or diabetic, find out how different foods affect your blood sugar, and use this knowledge to help tailor your diet. This site can help you find the amount of carbohydrate that is good for you, and to help you eat that way.

How Much Carbohydrate Should You Eat?

Reduce Carbs Gradually, or All At Once?

How to Cut Carbs